Parkinson’s Disease and Medical Treatment Options Essay

Parkinson’s Disease and Medical Treatment Options For many 50 year olds, tasks such as writing or walking can be easily preformed without much attention. In fact, the term â€Å"task† seems to stress that there is a greater level of effort than is truly exerted in order for the average person to perform these actions. However, for a patient of Parkinson’s Disease who is diagnosed on average at the age of 50, these every day activities take a great deal of time, attention, and effort to be preformed (Huston). With the growth of research about this disease, a variety of treatment options ranging from medication to surgery are currently available to patients who suffer from the debilitating effects of Parkinson’s Disease. Parkinson’s†¦show more content†¦Parkinson’s patients also suffer from difficulties associated with speech, spontaneous movements, gait, and cognitive processing. Johnson et. al (2004) studied these cognitive processing deficits to determine whether they were a result of motor impairment or a cognitive processing impairment within itself. Through two trials of testing, once with patients who were medicated for motor impairment and a second time with unmedicated patients, both compared to non-Parkinson participants of similar age groups, Johnson et. al found that both medicated and unmedicated Parkinson’s patients scored lower in the testing than the non-Parkinson’s patients. Therefore, it was determined that the cognitive processing impairment is separate from the typical motor impairment associated with the disease. Diagnosis of Parkinson’s is based solely on clinical evaluation and observation rather than blood and laboratory testing. If a patient displays two of the three primary symptoms, he may be diagnosed with and placed on medication for Parkinson’s Disease. If the medication improves these symptoms, the diagnosis of Parkinson’s is then confirmed (American Parkinson Disease Association, 2004; National Parkinson Foundation, 1999). The cause of the degeneration of cells within the substantia nigra is unknown and therefore no cure exists for the disease. Extensive research is being conducted in an attempt to determine the cause and find a cure for Parkinson’s. AShow MoreRelatedParkinson s Disease As A Medical Condition1437 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s disease has been known about since ancient times. In AD 175, the physician Galen described it as â€Å"shaking palsy† in Western medical literature. It wasn’t until 1817 that a London doctor, named James Parkinson, wrote a detailed medical essay on this disease. This essay established Parkinson’s disease as a recognized medical condition. He based the essay off of six cases he had observed previously and hoped that it would encourage others to study the disease. No such research was performedRead MoreParkinson s Disease Is A Motor System Disorder Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion people worldwide suffer from Parkinsonâ €™s disease. The number of individual’s with Parkinson’s increases by at least sixty thousand per year in America. Although the Parkinson’s disease has been around for thousand of years, it was not officially recognized until 1817 by a Dr. James Parkinson. Dr. James Parkinson clearly stated in his paper An Essay on the Shaking Palsy symptoms of Parkinson’s that are still recognized today as markers for the disease. Even though he wrote that paper in 1817Read MoreThe Two Types Of Symptoms Of Parkinson s Disease1177 Words   |  5 PagesThe Two Types of Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease (PD), a degenerative nervous system disorder, is more common every day, yet it is still a mystery on what causes it. More than a million Americans have been diagnosed with PD and every year there are 60,000 new cases. Affecting older people, it is the second most common disorder and the condition is expected to increase as the aging population increases. PD essentially is the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. The increase in researchRead MoreEthical Dilemma On Randomized Clinical Trials1300 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch on the efficacy and safety of newly developed drugs and medical treatment for public consumption. Like most experiments, there are usually two groups in conducting an RCT: the placebo group and experimental group. In the placebo group, the subjects receive a placebo drug or a drug that is already available and is used to treat a particular disease and in the treatment group, the subject receives the newly developed drug or treatment. Howe ver, in the RCT, the subjects that agreed to participateRead MoreNational Parkinson s Foundation : A Progressive Disorder Of The Central Nervous System1249 Words   |  5 PagesNational Parkinson s Foundation Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the central Nervous system and affects both motor and nonmotor functions. parkinson s is caused by a chemical imbalance within the brain. The brain produces a neurotransmitter called dopamine in the basal ganglia, which is structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain. If the Dopamine, Basal ganglia and Thalamus does not function properly then causes major damage,. A person having less and less dopamineRead MoreParkinson s Disease : Disease1737 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s Disease INTRODUCTION Wong, Gilmour and Ramage-Morin (2014) states that Parkinson’s disease comes second on the list of most common degenerative disorder of the nervous system. 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For the best care to be provided to the patient each member of th e healthcare staff must adhereRead More The Neurobiology of Parkinsons Disease Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Neurobiology of Parkinsons Disease In neuroscience it is assumed that the central nervous system governs and defines all aspects of behavior (Grobstein, 1998). Therefore, the brain, the hub of the central nervous system, is responsible for integrating all sensory and motor patterning. To understand the mechanisms of neurobiology it is often useful to observe the nervous system at the level of the neuron. Integration and communication between neurons is facilitated by neurotransmitters,Read MoreEssay about Advances in Parkinson’s Disease1345 Words   |  6 Pagesall affected by one disease (Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, Statistics). That disease is Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s takes away little things like movement that many of us take for granted. Lives are changed because of Parkinson’s, but there is hope. Through medical breakthroughs discovered in recent years, my grandpa and many others suffering from Parkinson’s disease have a chance at a better life. History of Parkinson’s Disease Signs or symptoms of Parkinson’s disease have been recordedRead MoreParkinsons Disease Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesParkinsons disease Just imagine: your muscles going stiff, tremors running through your limbs constantly and the inability to smile and laugh with your grandchildren. This torment is the everyday experiences of a Parkinsons disease sufferer. Parkinsons disease is a growing concern in our nation, and though we know what the symptoms are, we do not know for sure what causes it, or even how to cure it. Throughout this paper, the definition will be described as well as the symptoms and treatment

Childrens Outdoor Play - 1925 Words

en Introduction Every child is unique in their own way and I strongly believe that the environment plays a big role in raising the child. Studies show that PLAY plays the important role in children’s learning and development. Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) believed that play was a highly significant activity and initiated an approach to learning in early childhood that offers children a wide range of experiences so that they could develop an understanding of their world and themselves. He also mentioned that will encourage children to discover things through the interaction with their environment. A good physical and social skill is important to become a successful person in life. A child with good cognitive and social skills will†¦show more content†¦.About the activity My activity was colour mixing activity which was follow up activity. My reason to choose to do follow up activity is to reinforce and refresh children’s learning. Previous activity was done by the class teacher in indoor setting which children have requested to do outdoor. The colours that I have used are:- 1. Purple (Red + Blue) 2. Green (Yellow + Blue) 3. Brown (Red + Green) 4. Orange (Yellow + Red) I am taking this opportunity to thanks the Principal and the class teacher who help me in this activity of preschool that I did the activity Tadika Bestari which located in Bandar Country Homes, Rawang. There were eleven of six years old children which consist of nine boys and two girls. PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES In this opportunity, I would like to thank University of Hertfordshire for providing poster of pedagogical approaches which was very helpful in developing my activity it was a great guidance for me to plan and conduct the activity. Step 1: Observing learning Observing learning is an example of child’s learning. It helped me to identify children’s interest and strengths. As what Margaret Donaldson said seek out what children are able to do rather than emphasizing what they cannot do and sheShow MoreRelatedPlay At The Center Of The Curriculum Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pagesbook, Play at the Center of the Curriculum (5th Edition) written by Judith Van Hoorn, Patricia Monighan Nourot, Barbara Scales, Keith Rodriguez Alward, I have learned play can foster children to develop many skills such as physical, cognitive concepts language, social and emotional. In this chapter, these authors discussed the importance of different types of outdoor play such as physically active outdoor play, outdoor nature play, and child-initiated outdoor play. Physically active outdoor play contributesRead MorePlay At The Center Of The Curriculum Essay1687 Words   |  7 Pagesbook, Play at the Center of the Curriculum (5th Edition) written by Judith Van Hoorn, Patricia Monighan Nourot, Barbara Scales, Keith Rodriguez Alward, I have learned play can foster children to develop many skills such as physical, cognitive concepts language, social and emotional. In this chapter, these authors discussed the importance of different types of outdoor play such as physically active outdoor play, outdoor nature play, and child-initiated outdoor play. Physically active outdoor play contributesRead MoreWeight Status Of Children Essay729 Words   |  3 Pagesstarts from one prominent explanation that children are spending too little time playing outdoor activities and too much time watching television, and that low level of outdoor activities are due to mother’s concern about neighborhood safety. It particularly focuses on young children’s physical activity, which few studies have focused on, and addresses two questions: (1) Are children’s activity patterns (outdoor play and television watching) associated with their weig ht status (BMI)? / What is the expectedRead MoreOutdoor Environments And Risks Of Children s Outdoor Play1137 Words   |  5 Pages Outdoor environments and risks In this techno-world, technology has taken over all the aspects of children’s outdoor play. Some of the constraints that affect outdoor play are risks, parents concerns about outdoor play and not enough play space available for children. Risk is equal to a combination of events/consequences and associated uncertainties (Aven, 2007). Risk in play refers to any possibility of physical injury during play. Early childhood settings usually use the term â€Å"risky play† whichRead MorePre-Schoolers And Outdoor Play. . Play Is The Way Children1628 Words   |  7 PagesPre-schoolers and outdoor play Play is the way children learn and is a word that is used to describe the different activities behaviours that children participate in, this would concur with â€Å"Vygotsky’s (1978) social constructivist theory that suggests that play promotes both mental and social development for children† (cited in Goulding, 2016, p16). Early childhood educators such as Froebel and Vygotsky have always promoted the importance of the outdoor learning environment. According to VygotskyRead MoreThe Effects Of Indoor Play On Children s Outdoor Play1150 Words   |  5 Pagestaken over all the aspects of children’s outdoor play [reference? This is a blanket statement that needs to changed or referenced. You need evidence]. Some [factors] that affect outdoor play include risks [such as?], parental concerns about outdoor play and not having adequate play space available for children. Risk is equal to a combination of events/consequences and associated uncertainties (Aven, 2007). Ris k in play refers to any possibility of physical injury during play. Early childhood settingsRead MoreThe Hobbits Curriculum698 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Playing outdoors and the experiences children encounter are often remembered for a lifetime and through incorporating an outdoor environment with learning goals provides depth in a curriculum which could be difficult to implement with an indoor environment (The Scottish Government, 2010). The Little Hobbits curriculum is as an outdoor curriculum catering for Kindergarten age group of 4-5. Rationale The Little Hobbits Curriculum is an outdoor curriculum that allows childrenRead MoreForest School/Reggio Emilia1006 Words   |  5 PagesForests School The forest school approach embraces the outdoors as a learning environment for children to explore. It first originated in Denmark and was introduced to the UK in the 1950’s. This approach is important as it helps to raise a child’s self-esteem, confidence and also enable problem solving. Forest school provides a challenging environment for children as it allows children to take risks and accomplish various tasks using their own inactive and problem solving skills. Whereas the naturalRead MoreGardening: Planting SunFlowers in a School Environment Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is planting sunflower. I chose this project because my kindergarten’s outdoor environment space is limited. This project involved 5 years old children. The process of growing this sunflower plant took about two months. The project has met the objective well. The main objective of this project was experiencing the outdoor environment by the children. Children gain vast benefits from learning outdoors. Being outdoors allows them to move around without many of the restrictions of being insideRead MoreThe Key Messages Of The Foundation Phase1057 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This assignment will be exploring how the key messages of the Foundation Phase are applied throughout all aspects of the curriculum. It will analyse childhood theorists’ sentiments about the Foundation Phase, the notion of play in learning, both indoor and outdoor, and Personal Social Development, Well-Being and Cultural Diversity. The Foundation Phase is constructed to provide consistency to each child’s education during a crucial stage of their development. However, the consistency does

The Kingdom of Matthias by Paul Johnson Sean Wilentz free essay sample

Critical review of biography of 19th Cent. Amer. religious cult leader Robert Matthews. Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz in their book The Kingdom of Matthias write about a historical event that may not be well-known to most Americans. They tell the story of the self-proclaimed prophet Matthias and the kingdom he created based on his religious beliefs, related to the Second Great Awakening of religious fervor in American history. This nineteenth-century movement had numerous effects, including the creation of a variety of new cults and movements, such as that of them Mormons. Matthias lived in the first half of the nineteenth century as the United States was beginning to move away culturally from European roots and to build a uniquely American society. The book by Johnson and Wilentz details the nature of the man who led the movement, the nature of his followers, and the reaction of American society to his attempts to create a kingdom of his own